INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES 15

Publication No. 15
March 2002
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR
PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES
GUIDELINES FOR REGULATING
WOOD PACKAGING MATERIAL
IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Rome, 2002
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not
imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture
Organization o f the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory,
city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or
boundaries.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without
the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of
the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information
Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla,
00100 Rome, Italy.
© FAO 2002

CONTENTS
Endorsement 1
Application 2
Review and amendment 2
Distribution 3
INTRODUCTION
SCOPE 4
REFERENCES 4
DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS 4
OUTLINE OF REQUIREMENTS 7
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
1. Basis for Regulating 8
2. Regulated Wood Packaging Material 8
3. Measures for Wood Packaging Material 8
3.1 Approved measures 8
3.2 Measures pending approval 9
3.3 Other measures 9
3.4 Review of measures 10
OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS
4. Dunnage 10
5. Procedures Used Prior to Export 10
5.1 Compliance checks on procedures applied prior to export 10
5.2 Transit arrangements 10
6. Procedures upon Import 10
6.1 Measures for non-compliance at point of entry 11
6.2 Disposal 11
Annexes
I. Approved measures associated with wood packaging material 12
II. Marking for approved measures 13
III. Measures being considered for approval under this standard 14

Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade
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Endorsement
International standards for phytosanitary measures are prepared by the Secretariat of the
International Plant Protection Convention as part of the United Nations Food and Agriculture
Organization’s global programme of policy and technical assistance in plant quarantine. This
programme makes available to FAO Members and other interested parties these standards,
guidelines and recommendations to achieve international harmonization of phytosanitary
measures, with the aim to facilitate trade and avoid the use of unjustifiable measures as
barriers to trade.
This standard was endorsed by the Interim Commission on Phytosanitary Measures in
March 2002.
Jacques Diouf
Director-General
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade
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Application
International standards for phytosanitary measures (ISPMs) are adopted by contracting parties
to the IPPC, and by FAO Members that are not contracting parties, through the Interim
Commission on Phytosanitary Measures. ISPMs are the standards, guidelines and
recommendations recognized as the basis for phytosanitary measures applied by Members of
the World Trade Organization under the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and
Phytosanitary Measures. Non-contracting parties to the IPPC are encouraged to observe these
standards.
Review and amendment
International standards for phytosanitary measures are subject to periodic review and
amendment. The next review date for this standard is 2004, or such other date as may be
agreed upon by the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures.
Standards will be updated and republished as necessary. Standard holders should ensure that
the current edition of this standard is being used.
Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade
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Distribution
International standards for phytosanitary measures are distributed by the Secretariat of the
International Plant Protection Convention to all FAO Members, plus the Executive/Technical
Secretariats of the Regional Plant Protection Organizations:
- Asia and Pacific Plant Protection Commission
- Caribbean Plant Protection Commission
- Comité Regional de Sanidad Vegetal para el Cono Sur
- Comunidad Andina
- European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
- Inter-African Phytosanitary Council
- North American Plant Protection Organization
- Organismo Internacional Regional de Sanidad Agropecuaria
- Pacific Plant Protection Organization.
Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade
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INTRODUCTION
SCOPE
This standard describes phytosanitary measures to reduce the risk of introduction and/or
spread of quarantine pests associated with wood packaging material (including dunnage),
made of coniferous and non-coniferous raw wood, in use in international trade.
REFERENCES
Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, 1994. World Trade
Organization, Geneva.
Export certification system, 1997. ISPM Pub. No. 7, FAO, Rome.
Glossary of phytosanitary terms, 2001. ISPM Pub. No. 5, FAO, Rome.
Guidelines for phytosanitary certificates, 2001. ISPM Pub. No. 12, FAO, Rome.
Guidelines on notification of non-compliance and emergency action, 2001. ISPM Pub. No.
13, FAO, Rome.
ISO 3166-1-ALPHA-2 CODE ELEMENTS
(http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/codlstp1/en_listp1.html)
International Plant Protection Convention, 1997. FAO, Rome.
Principles of plant quarantine as related to international trade, 1995. ISPM Pub. No. 1, FAO,
Rome.
DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
bark-free wood Wood from which all bark excluding the vascular cambium,
ingrown bark around knots, and bark pockets between rings of
annual growth has been removed [ISPM Pub. No. 15, 2002]
chemical pressure
impregnation
Treatment of wood with a chemical preservative through a
process of pressure in accordance with an officially recognized
technical specification [ISPM Pub. No. 15, 2002]
certificate An official document which attests to the phytosanitary status
of any consignment affected by phytosanitary regulations
[FAO, 1990]
commodity A type of plant, plant product, or other article being moved for
trade or other purpose [FAO, 1990; revised ICPM, 2001]
consignment A quantity of plants, plant products and/or other articles being
moved from one country to another and covered, when
required, by a single phytosanitary certificate (a consignment
may be composed of one or more commodities or lots) [FAO,
1990; revised ICPM, 2001]
debarking Removal of bark from round wood (debarking does not
necessarily make the wood bark-free) [FAO, 1990]
dunnage Wood packaging material used to secure or support a
commodity but which does not remain associated with the
commodity [FAO, 1990; revised ISPM Pub. No. 15, 2002]
emergency action A prompt phytosanitary action undertaken in a new or
unexpected phytosanitary situation [ICPM, 2001]
Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade
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emergency measure A phytosanitary regulation or procedure established as a matter
of urgency in a new or unexpected phytosanitary situation. An
emergency measure may or may not be a provisional measure
[ICPM, 2001]
free from (of a consignment,
field, or place of production)
Without pests (or a specific pest) in numbers or quantities that
can be detected by the application of phytosanitary procedures
[FAO, 1990; revised FAO, 1995; CEPM, 1999]
fumigation Treatment with a chemical agent that reaches the commodity
wholly or primarily in a gaseous state [FAO, 1990; revised
FAO, 1995]
heat treatment The process in which a commodity is heated until it reaches a
minimum temperature for a minimum period of time according
to an officially recognized technical specification [ISPM Pub.
No. 15, 2002]
infestation (of a commodity) Presence in a commodity of a living pest of the plant or plant
product concerned. Infestation includes infection [CEPM,
1997; revised CEPM, 1999]
interception (of a pest) The detection of a pest during inspection or testing of an
imported consignment [FAO, 1990; revised CEPM, 1996]
kiln-drying A process in which wood is dried in a closed chamber using
heat and/or humidity control to achieve a required moisture
content [ISPM Pub. No. 15, 2002]
mark An official stamp or brand, internationally recognized, applied
to a regulated article to attest its phytosanitary status [ISPM
Pub. No. 15, 2002]
NPPO National Plant Protection Organization [FAO, 1990; ICPM,
2001]
official Established, authorized or performed by a National Plant
Protection Organization [FAO, 1990]
Pest Risk Analysis The process of evaluating biological or other scientific and
economic evidence to determine whether a pest should be
regulated and the strength of any phytosanitary measures to be
taken against it [FAO, 1990; revised IPPC, 1997]
phytosanitary action An official operation, such as inspection, testing, surveillance
or treatment, undertaken to implement phytosanitary
regulations or procedures [ICPM, 2001]
phytosanitary measure
(agreed interpretation)
Any legislation, regulation or official procedure having the
purpose to prevent the introduction and/or spread of quarantine
pests, or to limit the economic impact of regulated nonquarantine
pests [FAO, 1995; revised IPPC, 1997; ISC, 2001]
The agreed interpretation of the term phytosanitary measure accounts for the relationship of phytosanitary
measures to regulated non-quarantine pests. This relationship is not adequately reflected in the definition found in
Article II of the IPPC (1997).
phytosanitary procedure Any officially prescribed method for implementing
phytosanitary regulations including the performance of
inspections, tests, surveillance or treatments in connection with
regulated pests [FAO, 1990; revised FAO, 1995; CEPM, 1999;
ICPM, 2001]
Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade
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phytosanitary regulation Official rule to prevent the introduction and/or spread of
quarantine pests, or to limit the economic impact of regulated
non-quarantine pests, including establishment of procedures for
phytosanitary certification [FAO, 1990; revised FAO, 1995;
CEPM, 1999; ICPM, 2001]
plant products Unmanufactured material of plant origin (including grain) and
those manufactured products that, by their nature or that of
their processing, may create a risk for the introduction and
spread of pests [FAO, 1990; revised IPPC, 1997; formerly
Plant product]
PRA Pest risk analysis [FAO, 1995]
processed wood material Products that are a composite of wood constructed using glue,
heat and pressure, or any combination thereof [ISPM Pub. No.
15, 2002]
quarantine pest A pest of potential economic importance to the area
endangered thereby and not yet present there, or present but not
widely distributed and being officially controlled [FAO, 1990;
revised FAO, 1995; IPPC, 1997]
raw wood Wood which has not undergone processing or treatment [ISPM
Pub. No. 15, 2002]
regulated article Any plant, plant product, storage place, packaging,
conveyance, container, soil and any other organism, object or
material capable of harbouring or spreading pes ts, deemed to
require phytosanitary measures, particularly where
international transportation is involved [CEPM, 1996; revised
CEPM, 1999; ICPM, 2001]
test Official examination, other than visual, to determine if pests
are present or to identify pests [FAO, 1990]
treatment Officially authorized procedure for the killing or removal of
pests or rendering pests infertile [FAO, 1990; revised FAO,
1995; ISPM Pub. No. 15, 2002]
wood A commodity class for round wood, sawn wood, wood chips or
dunnage, with or without bark [FAO, 1990; revised ICPM,
2001]
wood packaging material Wood or wood products (excluding paper products) used in
supporting, protecting or carrying a commodity (includes
dunnage) [ISPM Pub. No. 15, 2002]
Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade
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OUTLINE OF REQUIREMENTS
Wood packaging material made of unprocessed raw wood is a pathway for the introduction
and spread of pests. Because the origin of wood packaging material is often difficult to
determine, globally approved measures that significantly reduce the risk of pest spread are
described. NPPOs are encouraged to accept wood packaging material that has been subjected
to an approved measure without further requirements. Such wood packaging material includes
dunnage, but excludes processed wood packaging material.
Procedures to verify that an approved measure, including the application of a globally
recognized mark, has been applied should be in place in both exporting and importing
countries. Other measures agreed to under a bilateral arrangement are also considered in this
standard. Wood packaging material that does not comply with the requirements of this
standard should be disposed of in an approved manner.
Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade
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REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
1. Basis for Regulating
Wood packaging material is frequently made of raw wood that may not have undergone
sufficient processing or treatment to remove or kill pests and therefore becomes a pathway for
the introduction and spread of pests. Furthermore, wood packaging material is very often reused,
recycled or re-manufactured (in that packaging received with an imported consignment
may be re-used to accompany another consignment for export). The true origin of any piece
of wood packaging material is difficult to determine and thus its phytosanitary status cannot
be ascertained. Therefore the normal process of undertaking risk analysis to determine if
measures are necessary and the strength of such measures is frequently not possible for wood
packaging material because its origin and phytosanitary status may not be known. For this
reason, this standard describes globally accepted measures that are approved and that may be
applied to wood packaging material by all countries to practically eliminate the risk for most
quarantine pests and significantly reduce the risk from a number of other pests that may be
associated with that material.
Countries should have technical justification for requiring the application of the approved
measures as described in this standard for imported wood packaging material. Requiring
phytosanitary measures beyond an approved measure as described in this standard also
requires technical justification.
2. Regulated Wood Packaging Material
These guidelines are for coniferous and non-coniferous raw wood packaging material that
may serve as a pathway for plant pests posing a threat mainly to living trees. They cover
wood packaging material such as pallets, dunnage, crating, packing blocks, drums, cases, load
boards, pallet collars, and skids which can be present in almost any imported consignment,
including consignments which would not normally be the target of phytosanitary inspection.
Wood packaging made wholly of wood-based products such as plywood, particle board,
oriented strand board or veneer that have been created using glue, heat and pressure or a
combination thereof should be considered sufficiently processed to have eliminated the risk
associated with the raw wood. It is unlikely to be infested by raw wood pests during its use
and therefore should not be regulated for these pests.
Wood packaging material such as veneer peeler cores1, sawdust, wood wool, and shavings,
and raw wood cut into thin2 pieces may not be pathways for introduction of quarantine pests
and should not be regulated unless technically justified.
3. Measures for Wood Packaging Material
3.1 Approved measures
Any treatment, process, or a combination of these that is significantly effective against
most pests should be considered effective in mitigating pest risks associated with
1 Veneer peeler cores are a by-product of veneer production involving high temperatures and comprising the
center of a log remaining after the peeling process.
2 Thin wood is considered to be 6mm thickness or less according to the Customs Harmonized Commodity
Description and Coding System (the Harmonized System or HS).
Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade
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wood packaging material used in transport. The choice of a measure for wood
packaging material is based on consideration of:
- the range of pests that may be affected
- the efficacy of the measure
- the technical and/or commercial feasibility.
Approved measures should be accepted by all NPPOs as the basis for authorizing the
entry of wood packaging material without further requirements except where it is
determined through interceptions and/or PRA that specific quarantine pests associated
with certain types of wood packaging material from specific sources require more
rigorous measures.
Approved measures are specified in Annex I.
Wood packaging material subjected to these approved measures should display a
specified mark shown in Annex II.
The use of marks addresses the operational difficulties associated with the verification
of compliance with treatment for wood packaging material. A universally recognized,
non-language specific mark facilitates verification during inspection at the point of
export, at the point of entry or elsewhere.
References for supporting documentation on approved measures are available from the
IPPC Secretariat.
3.2 Measures pending approval
Other treatments or processes for wood packaging material will be approved when it
can be demonstrated that they provide an appropriate level of phytosanitary protection
(Annex III). The currently measures identified in Annex I continue to be under review,
and new research may point, for example, to other temperature/time combinations.
New measures may also reduce risk by changing the character of the wood packaging
material. NPPOs should be aware that measures may be added or changed and should
have sufficiently flexible import requirements for wood packaging to accommodate
changes as they are approved.
3.3 Other measures
NPPOs may accept any measures other than those listed in Annex I by arrangement
with their trading partners, especially in cases where the measures listed in Annex I
cannot be applied or verified in the exporting country. Such measures should be
technically justified and respect the principles of transparency, non-discrimination and
equivalence.
The NPPOs of importing countries should consider other arrangements for wood
packaging material associated with exports from any country (or particular source)
where evidence is provided which demonstrates that the pest risk is adequately
managed or absent (e.g. areas with similar phytosanitary situations or pest free areas).
Certain movements of wood packaging material (e.g. tropical hardwoods associated
with exports to temperate countries) may be considered by the importing NPPO not to
carry a phytosanitary risk and thus can be exempted from measures.
Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade
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Subject to technical justification, countries may require that imported wood packaging
material subjected to an approved measure be made from debarked wood and display a
mark as shown in Annex II.
3.4 Review of measures
The approved measures specified in Annex I and the list of measures under
consideration in Annex III should be reviewed based on new information provided to
the Secretariat by NPPOs. This standard should be amended appropriately by the
ICPM.
OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS
To meet the objective of preventing the spread of pests, both exporting and importing
countries should verify that the requirements of this standard have been met.
4. Dunnage
Ideally, dunnage should also be marked in accordance with Annex II of this standard as
having been subjected to an approved measure. If not, it requires special consideration and
should, as a minimum, be made from bark-free wood that is free from pests and signs of live
pests. Otherwise it should be refused entry or immediately disposed of in authorized manner
(see section 6).
5. Procedures Used Prior to Export
5.1 Compliance checks on procedures applied prior to export
The NPPO of the exporting country has responsibility for ensuring that systems for
exports meet the requirements set out in this standard. It includes monitoring
certification and marking systems that verify compliance, and establishing inspection
procedures (see also ISPM Pub. No. 7: Export certification system), registration or
accreditation and auditing of commercial companies that apply the measures, etc.
5.2 Transit arrangements
Where consignments moving in transit have exposed wood packaging material that
has not met the requirements for approved measures, the NPPOs of the transit
countries may require measures in addition to those of the importing country to ensure
that wood packaging material does not present an unacceptable risk.
6. Procedures upon Import
The regulation of wood packaging material requires that NPPOs have policies and procedures
for other aspects of their responsibilities related to wood packaging material.
Since wood packaging materials are associated with almost all shipments, including those not
normally the target of phytosanitary inspections, cooperation with agencies, organizations,
etc. not normally involved with meeting phytosanitary export conditions or import
requirements is important. For example, cooperation with Customs organizations should be
reviewed to ensure effectiveness in detecting potential non-compliance of wood packaging
material. Cooperation with the producers of wood packaging material also needs to be
developed.
Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade
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6.1 Measures for non-compliance at point of entry
Where wood packaging material does not carry the required mark, action may be
taken unless other bilateral arrangements are in place. This action may take the form
of treatment, disposal or refused entry. The NPPO of the exporting country may be
notified (see ISPM Pub. No. 13: Guidelines on notification of non -compliance and
emergency action ). Where the wood packaging material does carry the required mark,
and evidence of live pests is found, action can be taken. These actions may take the
form of treatment, disposal or refused entry. The NPPO of the exporting country
should be notified in cases where live pests are found, and may be notified in other
cases (see ISPM Pub. No. 13: Guidelines on notification of non-compliance and
emergency action).
6.2 Disposal
Disposal of wood packaging material is a risk management option that may be used by
the NPPO of the importing country upon arrival of the wood packaging material
where treatment is not available or desirable. The following methods are
recommended for the disposal of wood packaging material where this is required.
Wood packaging material that requires emergency action should be appropriately
safeguarded prior to treatment or disposal to prevent escape of any pest between the
time of the detection of the pest posing the threat and the time of treatment or disposal.
Incineration
Complete burning
Burial
Deep burial in sites approved by appropriate authorities. (Note: not a suitable disposal
option for wood infested with termites). The depth of the burial may depend on
climatic conditions and the pest, but is recommended to be at least 1 metre. The
material should be covered immediately after burial and should remain buried.
Processing
Chipping and further processing in a manner approved by the NPPO of the importing
country for the elimination of pests of concern (e.g. manufacture of oriented strand
board).
Other methods
Procedures endorsed by the NPPO as effective for the pests of concern.
The methods should be applied with the least possible delay.
Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade
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ANNEX I
APPROVED MEASURES ASSOCIATED WITH WOOD PACKAGING MATERIAL
Heat treatment (HT)
Wood packaging material should be heated in accordance with a specific time-temperature
schedule that achieves a minimum wood core temperature of 56oC for a minimum of 30
minutes3.
Kiln-drying (KD), chemical pressure impregnation (CPI), or other treatments may be
considered HT treatments to the extent that these meet the HT specifications. For example,
CPI may meet the HT specification through the use of steam, hot water, or dry heat.
Heat treatment is indicated by the mark HT. (see Annex II)
Methyl bromide (MB) fumigation for wood packaging material
The wood packaging material should be fumigated with methyl bromide. The treatment is
indicated by the mark MB. The minimum standard for methyl bromide fumigation treatment
for wood packaging material is as follows:
Minimum concentration (g/m3) Temperature Dosage rate ) at:
0.5hrs. 2hrs. 4hrs. 16hrs.
21oC or above 48 36 24 17 14
16oC or above 56 42 28 20 17
11oC or above 64 48 32 22 19
The minimum temperature should not be less than 100C and the minimum exposure time
should be 16 hours.4
List of most significant pests targeted by HT and MB
Members of the following pest groups associated with wood packaging material are
practically eliminated by HT and MB treatment in accordance with the specifications listed
above:
Pest group
Insects
Anobiidae
Bostrichidae
Buprestidae
Cerambycidae
Curculionidae
Isoptera
Lyctidae (with some exceptions for HT)
Oedemeridae
Scolytidae
Siricidae
Nematodes
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
3 A minimum core temperature of 56° C for a minimum of 30 min. is chosen in consideration of the wide range
of pests for which this combination is documented to be lethal and a commercially feasible treatment. Although
it is recognized that some pests are known to have a higher thermal tolerance, quarantine pests in this category
are managed by NPPOs on a case by case basis.
4 Certain countries require that the minimum commodity temp should be higher
Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade
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ANNEX II
MARKING FOR APPROVED MEASURES
The mark shown below is to certify that the wood packaging material that bears the mark has
been subjected to an approved measure.
The mark should at minimum include the:
- symbol
- ISO two letter country code followed by a unique number assigned by the NPPO to
the producer of the wood packaging material, who is responsible for ensuring
appropriate wood is used and properly marked
- IPPC abbreviation according to Annex I for the approved measure used (e.g. HT,
MB).
NPPOs, producers or suppliers may at their discretion add control numbers or other
information used for identifying specific lots. Where debarking is required the letters DB
should be added to the abbreviation of the approved measure. Other information may also be
included provided it is not confusing, misleading, or deceptive.
Markings should be:
- according to the model shown here
- legible
- permanent and not transferable
- placed in a visible location, preferably on at least two opposite sides of the article
being certified.
The use of red or orange should be avoided since these colors are used in the labeling of
dangerous goods.
Recycled, remanufactured or repaired wood packaging material should be re-certified and remarked.
All components of such material should have been treated.
Shippers should be encouraged to use appropriately marked wood for dunnage.
XX - 000
YY
Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade
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ANNEX III
MEASURES BEING CONSIDERED FOR APPROVAL UNDER THIS STANDARD
Treatments5 being considered and which may be approved when appropriate data becomes
available, include but are not limited to:
Fumigation
Phosphine
Sulfuryl fluoride
Carbonyl sulphide
CPI
High-pressure/vacuum process
Double vacuum process
Hot and cold open tank process
Sap displacement method
Irradiation
Gamma radiation
X-rays
Microwaves
Infra red
Electron beam treatment
Controlled atmosphere
5 Certain treatments such as phosphine fumigation and some CPI treatments are generally believed to be very
effective but at present lack experimental data concerning efficacy which would allow them to be approved
measures. This present lack of data is specifically in relation to the elimination of raw wood pests present at the
time of application of the treatment.
Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade
15
For further information on international standards, guidelines and recommendations concerning
phytosanitary measures, and the complete list of current publications, please contact the:
SECRETARIAT OF THE INTERNATIONAL PLANT PROTECTION CONVENTION
By mail: IPPC Secretariat
Plant Protection Service
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Viale delle Terme di Caracalla
00100 Rome, Italy
Fax: +39-06-570.56347
E-mail: ippc@fao.org
Website: http://www.ippc.int
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES (ISPMS)
New Revised Text of the International Plant Protection Convention, 1997. FAO, Rome.
ISPM Pub. No. 1: Principles of plant quarantine as related to international trade, 1995. FAO, Rome.
ISPM Pub. No. 2: Guidelines for pest risk analysis, 1996. FAO, Rome.
ISPM Pub. No. 3: Code of conduct for the import and release of exotic biological control agents, 1996.
FAO, Rome.
ISPM Pub. No. 4: Requirements for the establishment of pest free areas, 1996. FAO, Rome.
ISPM Pub. No. 5: Glossary of phytosanitary terms, 1999. FAO, Rome.
Glossary Supplement No. 1: Guidelines on the interpretation and application of the concept of official
control for regulated pests, 2001. FAO, Rome.
ISPM Pub. No. 6: Guidelines for surveillance, 1997. FAO, Rome.
ISPM Pub. No. 7: Export certification system, 1997. FAO, Rome.
ISPM Pub. No. 8: Determination of pest status in an area, 1998. FAO, Rome.
ISPM Pub. No. 9: Guidelines for pest eradication programmes, 1998. FAO, Rome.
ISPM Pub. No. 10: Requirements for the establishment of pest free places of production and pest free
production sites, 1999. FAO, Rome.
ISPM Pub. No. 11: Pest risk analysis for quarantine pests, 2001. FAO, Rome.
ISPM Pub. No. 12: Guidelines for phytosanitary certificates, 2001. FAO, Rome.
ISPM Pub. No. 13: Guidelines for the notification of non-compliance and emergency action, 2001. FAO,
Rome.
ISPM Pub. No. 14: The use of integrated measures in a systems approach for pest risk management,
2002. FAO, Rome.
ISPM Pub. No. 15: Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade, 2002.
FAO, Rome.
ISPM Pub. No. 16: Regulated non-quarantine pests: concept and application, 2002. FAO, Rome.
ISPM Pub. No. 17: Pest reporting, 2002. FAO, Rome.